Spain's 2008 cyber-campaignonly for a very active minority

  1. Sampedro Blanco, Víctor
  2. López Rey, José Antonio
  3. Muñoz Goy, Celia
  4. Dader García, José Luis
  5. Campos-Domínguez, Eva
Zeitschrift:
Catalan journal of communication & cultural studies

ISSN: 1757-1898

Datum der Publikation: 2011

Ausgabe: 3

Nummer: 1

Seiten: 3-19

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.1386/CJCS.3.1.3_1 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Andere Publikationen in: Catalan journal of communication & cultural studies

Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung

This article clarifies the applicability of the cyber-campaign concept to the Spanish 2008 general elections in the light of data from two surveys of Internet use for political purposes during the elections, namely, of general and of intensive Internet users. Our results are compared with patterns of political use of the Internet in Spain and other countries. Findings reveal poor use of the political resources available online (not explained only by a comparatively lower Internet-adoption rate) and a multimedia political information consumption pattern even among intensive Internet users in which the most interactive devices have the least importance. These results are explained by an imbalance between demand for online political action during elections and the technology and content offered by political actors over the Internet.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Bellamy, C. (2000), ‘Modelling Electronic Democracy: Towards Democratic Discourses for an Information Age’, in J. Hoff, I. Horrocks and P. Tops (eds), Democratic Governance and New Technology, London: Routledge.
  • Bentivegna, S. (2006), Campagne elettorali in rete, Roma: Laterza.
  • Briggs, M. (2007), Periodismo 2.0, Austin: Knight Foundation.
  • Cabrera González, M. (ed.) (2010), Evolución tecnológica y cibermedios, Sevilla, Zamora: Comunicación Social Ediciones.
  • Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (2008a), Postelectoral elecciones genera- les y autonómicas de Andalucía 2008: Panel 2a Fase, Estudio 2757, Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
  • Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (2008b), Barómetro de Julio: Estudio 2769, Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
  • Dader, J. L. (2006), ‘Comunicación política en la red: Desde las cibercampañas a la transparencia virtual de la Administración’, Jornadas sobre Autoría y Contenidos en la Red, 26–29 de Marzo, Valencia: Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo, CD-ROM.
  • Dader, J. L. (2009), ‘Ciberpolítica en los websites de partidos políticos. La experiencia de las elecciones de 2008 en España ante las tendencias trasnacionales’, Revista Sociologia e Politica (Brazil), 17: 34, pp. 45–62.
  • Gibson, R. K., Römmele, A. and Ward, S. (2004), Electronic Democracy: Mobilisation, Organisation and Participation via New ICT’s, London: Routledge.
  • Hacker, K. L. and Van Dick, J. (eds) (2000), Digital Democracy, London: Sage.
  • Hagen, M. (2000), ‘Digital Democracy and Political Systems’, in K. L. Hacker and J. Van Dick (eds), Digital Democracy, London: Sage.
  • Hague, B. N. and Loader, B. D. (eds) (1999), Digital Democracy. Discourse and Decision Making in the Information Age, London: Routledge.
  • Hindman, M. (2009), The Myth of Digital Democracy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Holmes, D. (1997), Virtual Politics. Identity and Community in Cyberspace, London: Sage.
  • Ifop (2006), ‘L’observatoire 2006–2007 de la netcampagne présidentielle: Enquête Ifop-Panel Maximiles’, Paris: Ifop, http://www.ifop.com/europe/ docs/netcampagne.pdf. Accessed 2 June 2009.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2008a), Censo Electoral de 2008, Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2008b), Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) del segundo trimestre de 2008, Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2008c), Encuesta sobre Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación a Hogares (TIC-H), Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
  • Lévy, P. (2002), Cyberdémocratie. Essai de Philosophie Politique, Paris: Odile Jacob.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2008), ‘Broadband Growth and Policies in OECD Countries’, Seoul: OECD, http://www. oecd. org/document/1/0,3343,en_2649_34223_40931201_1_1_1_1,00. Html. Accessed 18 May 2009.
  • Padró-Solanet, A. and Cardenal, A. (2008), ‘Partidos y política en Internet: Un análisis de los websites de los partidos políticos catalanes’, Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política, 6, pp. 46–64.
  • Previte, J., Hearn, G. and Dann, S. (2001), ‘Profiling Internet Users’ Participation in Social Change Agendas: An application of Q-Methodology’, The 29th Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy, Alexandria, Virginia, 27–29 October.
  • Technopolitica, La democrazie e le nuove technologia de la comunicazione, Roma: Laterza.
  • Sampedro, V. (ed.) (2005), ‘Multitudes “on line”’, 13-M. Multitudes on line, Madrid: Los Libros de la Xatarata, http://www.ciberdemocracia.net/victor- sampedro/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=57&Itemid=54, Accessed 28 February 2011.
  • Sampedro, V. and Seoane, F. (2008), ‘The 2008 Spanish General Elections: The Campaign in the Media’, International Journal of Press/Politics, June, 6, pp. 336–344.
  • Sampedro, V., Tucho, F. and Vizcaíno, R. (2008), ‘Las webs de los partidos: virtualidad y propaganda, censura y desinformación’, Medios y Elecciones, 2004, Madrid: Ramón Areces, pp. 202–233, http://www.ciberdemocracia. net/victorsampedro/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45 &Itemid=54. Accessed 28 February 2011.
  • Sampedro, V., López-Rey, J., Muñoz Goy, C., Dader, J. L. and Campos Domínguez, E. (2011), ‘Spain’s 2008 cyber-campaign: Only for a very active minority’, Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies 3: 1, pp. 3–19, doi: 10.1386/cjcs.3.1.3_1
  • Smith, A. and Rainie, L. (2008), ‘The Internet and the 2008 election’, Washington: Pew Internet and American Life Project, http://www. pewinternet.org/Reports/2008/The-Internet-and-the-2008-Election.aspx. Accessed 28 February 2011.
  • Snow, N. (2010), ‘My Fellow Blogging Americans: Weblogs and the Race for the White House’, in J. A. Hendricks and R. E. Denton (eds), Communicator- in-Chief. How Barack Obama Used New Media Technology to Win the White House, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • Sudulich, M. (2009), ‘Do ethos, ideology, country and electoral strength make a difference in cyberspace? Testing an explanatory model of parties’ websi- tes’, ECPR (European Council for Political Research), ECPR Joint Session, Lisbon, Portugal, April.
  • Thogersen, N. et al. (2001), ‘European Governance and Cyberdemocracy’, Working Group 1, ‘Building the European Public Space’, Governance in EU: A White Paper, European Union, 30 January, http://europa.eu.int/comm/ governance/areas/group1/contribution_en.pdf. Accessed 28 February 2011.
  • TNS – Sofres (2007), Les internautes et la politique, Paris: Sofres.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2007), ‘Information economy report 2007–2008. Science and technology for development: The new paradigm of ICT’, New York, Geneva: United Nations, http://www. unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=9479&intItemID=1397&lang=1. Accessed 13 May 2009.
  • US Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration (2008), ‘Networked nation: Broadband in America 2007’, Washington DC, January 2008, http://www.ntia.doc.gov/reports/2008/ NetworkedNationBroadbandinAmerica2007.pdf. Accessed 28 February 2011.
  • Vaccari, C. (2008a), ‘Più informazione che partecipazione: I siti Internet dei partiti nella campagna elettorale 2008’, Comunicazione Politica, 9: 2, pp. 183–198.
  • Vaccari, C. (2008b), ‘Surfing to the Élysée: The Internet in the 2007 French Elections’, French Politics, 6, pp. 1–22.
  • Vaccari, C. (2008c), ‘Italian parties’ websites in the 2006 elections’, European Journal of Communication, 23: 1, pp. 69–77.
  • Vedel, T. and Michalska, K. (2007), ‘Political participation and the Internet: Evidence from the 2007 French Presidential election’, International Conference on e-Government, Montreal, Canada, 27–28 September.
  • Ward, S. (2008), ‘Parties and Election Campaigning Online: A New Era?’, in S. Ward, D. Owen, R. Davis and D. Taras (eds), Making a Difference. A Comparative View of the Role of the Internet in Election Politics, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • Winneg, K., Kenski, K. and Jamieson, K. H. (2008), ‘Internet as politi- cal information tool popular, but television still dominates’, Annenberg National Election Survey, Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, http://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/Downloads/ Releases/NAES%202008/NewsConsumptionMARCH_28_2008.pdf. Accessed 28 February 2011.