Cambios en los niveles de minerales en suero y orina a lo largo de una temporada en atletas extremeños de alto nivel de fondo y mediofondo

Abstract

Aerobic training performed by elite athletes with a high training volume and significant intensity, can produce important changes in anthropometric and physiological adaptations in the body. Trace minerals are essential nutrients that are very important in many physiological functions, although some may be toxic in humans. There are currently understudied elements due to methodological problems in its determination. We have the participation of 16 high-level athletes in Extremadura, which allows us to assess the effects of 6 months of training on different parameters and variables related to the performance and health of athletes. We have determined changes occurring in serum as well as urinary excretion levels of trace minerals in these athletes. For analysis mass spectrometry coupled plasma (ICP-MS) has been used. The results will be interesting for planning supplements that it may remedy any deficiencies caused by intense effort over a training period. Cardiorespiratory response has remained unchanged throughout the study. In relation to the oxidative stress, there are no changes in the marker of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Vitamins A, C and E) tended to increase. In hormonal levels, there is an increase in anabolic hormones testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) while in insulin and cortisol were not significant changes. As for minerals, in the most representative results, decreases were observed in serum concentrations of essential trace minerals such as selenium and vanadium, which must be taken into account when establishing possible supplementations. Zinc, increased in serum values which may be of great interest to the athlete. Furthermore, there was a decrease in urinary excretion of copper and selenium, which may be a renal adaptation in athletes to avoid losing these essential elements, and increased renal excretion of cadmium and lead, which could be understood as an adaptation process in athletes to favor the elimination of these toxic elements.