Derechos y calidad de vida en personas con discapacidad intelectual y mayores necesidades de apoyo

  1. NAVAS MACHO, Patricia 1
  2. VERDUGO ALONSO, Miguel Ángel 1
  3. MARTÍNEZ TORRES, Sergio
  4. SAINZ MODINOS, Fabián 1
  5. AZA HERNÁNDEZ, Alba 1
  1. 1 Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad
Zeitschrift:
Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual

ISSN: 2530-0350

Datum der Publikation: 2017

Ausgabe: 48

Nummer: 4

Seiten: 7-66

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.14201/SCERO2017484766 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen Access editor

Andere Publikationen in: Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual

Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung

People with intellectual (ID) and developmental disabilities who have generalized or extensive support needs constitute a particularly vulnerable group that has traditionally experienced situations of exclusion. Despite this, their situation has not been a priority subject of study nor have there been specific developments in social policy to respond to their needs, which can be translated into an absence of interest in knowing the reality of these group, difficulties to guarantee the fulfillment of their rights, and lack of initiative aimed to achieve their full inclusion in society. Is therefore necessary to undertake different actions, translated into objectives of the present work: to explore and synthesize existing data on this group in our country; to detect their needs and their fulfillment; and to propose evidence-based guidelines to ensure their well-being and rights. For this purpose, the methodology used consisted of: (a) a review of the most relevant scientific literature of the last ten years on ID and extensive support needs; and (b) the analysis of the results yield by two national surveys carried out in Spain: the Disability, Independence, and Dependency Situations survey, EDAD (INE, 2008), and the System for Autonomy and Care for Dependency, SAAD (IMSERSO, 2016), among others. Considering the disparities observed within this group, urgent lines of action are highlighted, which are aimed to improve the knowledge about the living conditions of people with more significant ID and drive better practices in the provision of supports to this group.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • AGUIRRE, P. (2011). Guía de buenas prácticas sobre el acceso y tutela de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad en sus relaciones con la administración de justicia, a la luz de la Convención de la ONU y de las reglas de Brasilia. Recuperado de http://www.cermi.es/ esES/Biblioteca/Lists/Publicaciones/Attachments/261/GUIA%20BUENAS%20PRÁCTICAS%20REGLAS%20BASILIA.pdf.
  • ASSOCIATION FOR REAL CHANGE (2015). Creating an ordinary life: active support and learning disability. Recuperado de http://arcuk.org.uk/activesupport/files/2015/05/CAOL-Pro- ject-Publication.pdf.
  • BAKEL, M., EINARSSON, I., ARNAUD, C., CRAIG, S., MICHELSEN, S. I., PILDAVA, S., ... y CANS, C. (2014). Monitoring the prevalence of severe intellectual disability in children across Europe: feasibility of a common database. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 56 (4), 361-369. //doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12281
  • BAKER, P. A. (2007). Individual and service factors affecting deinstitutionalization and community use of people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 105-109. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00313.x
  • BEADLE-BROWN, J., HUTCHINSON, A. y WHELTON, B. (2012). Person-centred active support: increasing choice, promoting independence and reducing challenging behaviour. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 25 (4), 291-307. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2011.00666.x
  • Beadle-BrowN, J., leigh, J., wheltoN, B., richardsoN, L., BeechaM, J., BAUMKER, T. y BRADSHAW, J. (2015). Quality of life and quality of support for people with severe intellectual disability and complex needs. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29 (5), 409-421.
  • BEADLE-BROWN, J., MURPHY, G. Y DITERLIZZI, M. (2009). Quality of life for the Camberwell cohort. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22 (4), 380-390. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00473.x
  • Bellamy, G., Croot, L., Bush, A., Berry, H. Y SMITH, A. (2010). A study to define: profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD). Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 14 (3), 221-235. BELVA, B. C., MATSON, J. L., SIPES, M. Y BAMBURG, J. W. (2012). An examination of specific communication deficits in adults with profound intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33 (2), 525-529.
  • Bigby, C. (2004). Ageing with a lifelong disability: a guide to practice, program, and policy issues for human services professionals. Londres: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Bigby, C. Y CRAIG, D. (2016). A case study of an intentional friendship between a volunteer and adult with severe intellectual disability: "My life is a lot richer!". Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 41 (1), 1-10.
  • BIGBY, C. Y FYFFE, C. (2009). Position statement on housing and support for people with severe or profound intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 34 (1), 96-100. //doi.org/10.1080/13668250802676020
  • BRAMSTON, P., CHIPUER, H. Y PRETTY, G. (2005). Conceptual principles of quality of life: an empirical exploration. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49 (10), 728-733. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00741.x
  • CAMPO, S. F., SHARPTON, W. R., THOMPSON, B. Y SEXTON, D. (1997). Correlates of the quality of life of adults with severe or profound mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 35, 329-337. //doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(1997)035<0329:COTQOL>2.0.CO;2
  • CANAL, R. Y MARTÍN-CILLEROS, V. (2002). Apoyo Conductual Positivo. Manual de Trabajo en Centros de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad. Junta de Castilla y León. Recuperado de: http://www.infoautismo.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/07._Libro.pdf.
  • CARR, E. G. Y DURAND, V. M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18 (2), 111-126. //doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111
  • COMITÉ ESPAÑOL DE REPRESENTANTES DE PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD, CERMI (2011). La discapacidad en las fuentes estadísticas oficiales. Examen y propuestas de mejora. Recuperado de https://www.tarragona.cat/serveis-a-la-persona/serveissocials/observatori-social-de- la-ciutat-de-tarragona/fitxers/altres/informes-iindicadors/informe-discapacitat.
  • COMITÉ ESPAÑOL DE REPRESENTANTES DE PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD, CERMI (2015). Derechos humanos y discapacidad. Informe Espa-a 2015. Recuperado de http://www.cermi.es/ esES/Biblioteca/Lists/Publicaciones/Attachments/370/Informe%202015%20ONU.pdf.
  • CHAPLIN, E., PASCHOS, D., O'HARA, J., MCCARTHY, J., HOLT, G., BOURAS, N. Y TSAKANIKOS, E. (2010). Mental ill-health and care pathways in adults with intellectual disability across different residential types. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31 (2), 458-463. //doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.10.015
  • COMISIÓN EUROPEA (2010). Estrategia Europea sobre Discapacidad 2010-2020. Recuperado de https://www.msssi.gob.es/ssi/discapacidad/docs/estrategia_europea_discapacidad_2010_ 2020.pdf.
  • CONNEALLY, S., BOYLE, G. Y SMYTH, F. (1992). An evaluation of the use of small group homes for adults with a severe and profound mental handicap. Mental Handicap Research, 5 (2), 146-168. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1992.tb00042.x
  • COOPER, S. A., MELVILLE, C. A. Y EINFELD, S. L. (2003). Psychiatric diagnosis, intellectual disabilities and Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation (DC-LD). Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47 (s1), 3-15. //doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.47.s1.2.x
  • COOPER, S. A., SMILEY, E., MORRISON, J., WILLIAMSON, A. Y ALLAN, L. (2007). Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190 (1), 27-35. //doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022483
  • DEPARTAMENTO DE SALUD DE REINO UNIDO (2001). Valuing people. A new strategy for learning disability for the 21st century. White Paper. Londres: HMSO.
  • DEPARTAMENTO DE SALUD DE REINO UNIDO (2009). Valuing people now. A new three-year strategy for people with learning disabilities "Making it happen for everyone". Recuperado de http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http:/www.dh.gov.uk/ pro_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_093375.pdf.
  • DORAN, C. M., EINFELD, S. L., MADDEN, R. H., OTIM, M., HORSTEAD, S. K., ELLIS, L. A. Y EMERSON, E. (2012). How much does intellectual disability really cost? First estimates for Australia. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37 (1), 42-49. //doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2011.648609
  • DRAINONI, M. L., LEE-HOOD, E., TOBIAS, C., BACHMAN, S. S., ANDREW, J. Y MAISELS, L. (2006). Cross-disability experiences of barriers to health-care access consumer perspectives. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 17 (2), 101-115. //doi.org/10.1177/10442073060170020101
  • DUGGAN, A., BRADSHAW, Y. S. Y ALTMAN, W. (2010). How do I ask about your disability? An examination of interpersonal communication processes between medical students and patients with disabilities. Journal of Health Communication, 15 (3), 334-350. //doi.org/10.1080/10810731003686630
  • Echeita, G. (2010). Alejandra L.S. o el dilema de la inclusión educativa en Espa-a. En P. ARNAIZ, M.ª HURTADO Y F. J. SOTO (Coords.), 25 a-os de integración escolar en Espa-a. Tecnologías e inclusión en el ámbito educativo, laboral y comunitario (pp. 1-13). Murcia: Consejería de Educación, Formación y Empleo.
  • EMERSON, E. (2004). Cluster housing for adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29, 187-197. //doi.org/10.1080/13668250412331285208
  • EMERSON, E. (2009). Estimating future numbers of adults with profound multiple learning disabilities in England. Tizard Learning Disability Review, 14 (4), 49-55. //doi.org/10.1108/13595474200900040
  • EMERSON, E., BAINES, S., ALLERTON, L. Y WELCH, V. (2012). Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK: 2012. Recuperado de http://www.optionsempowers. org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Improving-Health-and Lives-healthinequalities-andpeople-with-learning-disabilities-in-the-UK-annual report.pdf.
  • EMERSON, E., ROBERTSON, J., GREGORY, N., KESSISSOGLOU, S., HATTON, C., HALLAM, A., ... Y LINEHAN, C. (2000). The quality and costs of community-based residential supports and residential campuses for people with severe and complex disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 25 (4), 263-279. //doi.org/10.1080/13668250020019575
  • ESTEBA-CASTILLO, S., RIBAS-VIDAL, N., BARÓ I DILMÉ, M. Y NOVELL, R. (2006). Envejecimiento saludable en personas con síndrome de Down y demencia: necesidad de promover programas de formación y soporte a los usuarios, familias y entidades. Revista Médica Internacional sobre el Síndrome de Down, 10 (2), 25-29. //doi.org/10.1016/S1138-2074(06)70046-X
  • FEAPS (2009). Guía REINE. Reflexión Ética sobre la Inclusión en la Escuela. Madrid: FEAPS.
  • FEAPS (2015). El sobreesfuerzo económico que la discapacidad intelectual o de desarrollo ocasiona en la familia en Espa-a 2014. Informe Ejecutivo. Recuperado de http://www.feaps.org/component/content/article/254-noticias-2015/2225-sobreesfuerzo-feaps.html.
  • FELCE, D., JONES, E. Y LOWE, K. (2002). Active support: Planning daily activities and support for people with severe mental retardation. En S. holBurN y P. M. vietze (Eds.), Person centered planning: Research, practice, and future directions (pp. 247-269). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
  • FELCE, D., JONES, E., LOWE, K. Y PERRY, J. (2003). Rational resourcing and productivity: Relationships among staff input, resident characteristics, and group home quality. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 108 (3), 161-172. //doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2003)108<0161:RRAPRA>2.0.CO;2
  • FELCE, D. Y PERRY, J. (1995). Quality of life: Its definition and measurement. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16 (1), 51-74. //doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(94)00028-8
  • FLETCHER, R. J., BARNHILL, J. Y COOPER, S. A. (2017). Diagnostic manual -Intellectual disability (DM-ID-2): A textbook of diagnosis of mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability. Kingston, NY: NADD Press.
  • Giné, C. (2004). Servicios y calidad de vida para las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Siglo Cero, 35 (2), 1-13.
  • GITTINS, D. y ROSE, N. (2008). An audit of adults with profound and multiple learning disabilities within a west midlands community health trust: implications for service development. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36 (1), 38-47. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2007.00480.x
  • GÓMEZ, L. E., ARIAS, B., VERDUGO, M. Á., TASSE, M. J. Y BROWN, I. (2015). Operationalisation of quality of life for adults with severe disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59 (10), 925-941. //doi.org/10.1111/jir.12204
  • GÓMEZ, L. E., VERDUGO, M. Á., ARIAS, B., NAVAS, P. Y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2013). The development and use of Provider Profiles at the organizational and systems level. Evaluation and Program Planning, 40, 17-26. //doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2013.05.001
  • GOÑI, M. J., MARTÍNEZ, N. Y ZARDOYA, A. (2007). Apoyo conductal positivo. Algunas herramientas para afrontar las conductas difíciles. Madrid: FEAPS.
  • GUZMÁN, F., MOSCOSO, M. Y TOBOSO, M. (2010). Por qué la Ley de Dependencia no constituye un instrumento para la promoción de la autonomía personal. Zerbitzuan: Gizarte zerbitzuetarako aldizkaria, 48, 43-56.
  • HALL, E. (2010). Spaces of social inclusion and belonging for people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54 (s1), 48-57. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01237.x
  • HARLAN-SIMMONS, J. E., HOLTZ, P., TODD, J. Y MOONEY, M. F. (2001). Building social relationships through valued roles: Three older adults and the community membership project. Mental retardation, 39 (3), 171-180. //doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2001)039<0171:BSRTVR>2.0.CO;2
  • HAVERCAMP, S. M., SCANDLIN, D. Y ROTH, M. (2004). Health disparities among adults with developmental disabilities, adults with other disabilities, and adults not reporting disability in North Carolina. Public Health Reports, 119 (4), 418. //doi.org/10.1016/j.phr.2004.05.006
  • Henderson, A., Lynch, S. A., Wilkinson, S. Y HUNTER, M. (2007). Adults with Down's syndrome: the prevalence of complications and health care in the community. British Journal of General Practice, 57 (534), 50-55.
  • HOGG, J., REEVES, D., ROBERTS, J. Y MUDFORD, O. C. (2001). Consistency, context and confidence in judgements of affective communication in adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45 (1), 18-29. //doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00289.x
  • HOSTYN, I. Y MAES, B. (2009). Interaction between persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their partners: A literature review. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 34 (4), 296-312. //doi.org/10.3109/13668250903285648
  • INCLUSION INTERNATIONAL (2009). The implications of the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (CRPD) for education for all. Londres: Inclusion International.
  • INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA (1999). Encuesta sobre discapacidades, deficiencias y estados de salud (EDDS). Recuperado de http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/discapa/disc- todo.pdf.
  • INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA (2008). Encuesta de discapacidad, autonomía personal y situaciones de dependencia (edad). Recuperado de http://sid.usal.es/estadisticas_ edad2008.asp.
  • INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA (2014). El empleo de las personas con discapacidad. Recuperado de http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=12 54736055502&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735976595.
  • JANSSEN, C. G. C., SCHUENGEL, C. Y STOLK, J. (2002). Understanding challenging behaviour in people with severe and profound intellectual disability: a stress-attachment model. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46 (6), 445-453. //doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00430.x
  • JONES, J. L. Y GALLUS, K. L. (2016). Understanding deinstitutionalization: what families value and desire in the transition to community living. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 41 (2), 116-131. //doi.org/10.1177/1540796916637050
  • Jones, E., Lowe, K., Brown, S., Albert, L., Saunders, C., Haake, N. Y LEIGH, H. (2013). Active support as a primary prevention strategy for challenging behaviour. International Journal of Positive Behavioural Support, 3 (1), 16-30.
  • JONES, E., PERRY, J., LOWE, K., ALLEN, D., TOOGOOD, S. Y FELCE, D. (1996). Active support: A handbook for planning daily activities and support arrangements for people with learning disabilities. Booklet 1: Overview. Cardiff: Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities Applied Research Unit.
  • Knapp, M., Comas-Herrera, A., Astin, J., Beecham, J. Y PENDARIES, C. (2005). Intellectual disability, challenging behaviour and cost in care accommodation: what are the links? Health and Social Care in the Community, 13 (4), 297-306. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2005.00539.x
  • KOBER, R. Y EGGLETON, I. R. (2005). The effect of different types of employment on quality of life. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49 (10), 756-760. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00746.x
  • KOHEN, D., UPPAL, S., KHAN, S. Y VISENTIN, L. (2010). Access and barriers to educational services for Canadian children with disabilities. Recuperado de http://en.copian.ca/library/ research/ccl/access_barriers/access_barriers.pdf.
  • KOZMA, A., MANSELL, J. Y BEADLE-BROWN, J. (2009). Outcomes in different residential settings for people with intellectual disability: a systematic review. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 114 (3), 193-222. //doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-114.3.193
  • KRAHN, G. L., HAMMOND, L. Y TURNER, A. (2006). A cascade of disparities: health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 12 (1), 70-82. //doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20098
  • KREUGER, L., VAN EXEL, J. Y NIEBOER, A. (2008). Needs of persons with severe intellectual disabilities: a Q-methodological study of clients with severe behavioural disorders and severe intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21 (5), 466-476. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2007.00408.x
  • KULTGEN, P., HARLAN-SIMMONS, J. Y TODD, J. (2000). Community membership. En M. jaNicKi y E. aNsello (Eds.), Community supports for aging adults with lifelong disabilities (pp. 153166). Baltimore: Brookes.
  • LAKIN, K. C., LARSON, S. A. Y KIM, S. (2011). Behavioral outcomes of deinstitutionalization for people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities: Third decennial review of US studies, 1977-2010. Minneapolis, MN: Research and Training Center on Community Living, Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota.
  • LANCIONI, G. E., SINGH, N. N., O'REILLY, M. F., OLIVA, D. Y BASILI, G. (2005). An overview of research on increasing indices of happiness of people with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation, 27 (3), 83-93. //doi.org/10.1080/09638280400007406
  • LARSON, S. A., HALLAS-MUCHOW, L., AIKEN, F., HEWITT, A., PETTINGELL, S., ANDERSON, L. L., ... Y SMITH, D. (2014). In-home and residential long-term supports and services for persons with intellectual or developmental disabilities: Status and trends through 2012. Minneapolis: Research and Training Center on Community Living, Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota.
  • LARSON, S. A., SALMI, P., SMITH, D., ANDERSON, L. Y HEWITT, A. S. (2013). Residential Services for Persons with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: Status and trends through 2011. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Living, Institute on Community Integration.
  • LEY 39/2006, de 14 de diciembre, de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia. BOE n.º 299, 15/12/2006, pp. 44142-44156.
  • Luckasson, R. (2004). Defining intellectual disability: The quest for meaning in words, science, and human relationships. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 285.
  • LUCKASSON, R., BORTHWICK-DUFFY, S., BUNTINX, W. H., COULTER, D. L., CRAIG, E. M. P., REEVE, A., ... Y TASSÉ, M. J. (2002). Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. American Association on Mental Retardation.
  • MAES, B., LAMBRECHTS, G., HOSTYN, I. Y PETRY, K. (2007). Quality-enhancing interventions for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: A review of the empirical research literature. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 32 (3), 163-178. //doi.org/10.1080/13668250701549427
  • MANSELL, J. (1994). Specialized group homes for persons with severe or profound mental retardation and serious problem behaviour in England. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 15 (5), 371-388. //doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(94)90023-X
  • MANSELL, J. (2006). Deinstitutionalisation and community living: progress, problems and priorities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 31, 65-76. //doi.org/10.1080/13668250600686726
  • MANSELL, J. (2010). Raising our sights: services for adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Recuperado de https://www.mencap.org.uk/sites/default/files/2016-06/ Raising_our_Sights_report.pdf.
  • MANSELL, J. Y BEADLE-BROWN, J. (2012). Active support: Enabling and empowering people with intellectual disabilities. Londres: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • MANSELL, J., KNAPP, M., BEADLE-BROWN, J. Y BEECHAM, J. (2007). Deinstitutionalisation and community living-Outcomes and costs: Report of a European study (Vol. 2: main report). Canterbury: Tizard Centre, University of Kent.
  • MARTÍN-CILLEROS, V., caNal, R., Bohórquez, D. y goNzález-garcía, C. (2010). Apoyo conductual: ¿Qué es la conducta problemática? Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social e INICO.
  • MARTÍN-CILLEROS, V., CANAL, R. Y GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA, C. (2010). Apoyo conductual: cómo actuar ante la conducta problemática. Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social e INICO.
  • MCCONKEY, R. (2007). Variations in the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in supported living schemes and residential settings. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51 (3), 207-217. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00858.x
  • MINIHAN, P. M., ROBEY, K. L., LONG-BELLIL, L. M., GRAHAM, C. L., HAHN, J. E., WOODARD, //doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182264a25
  • MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTE (2015). Panorama de la educación. Indicadores de la OCDE 2015. Recuperado de http://www.mecd.gob.es/dctm/inee/internacional/ panorama-de-la-educacion-2015.-informe-espanol.pdf?documentId=0901e72b81ee9fa3.
  • MIRENDA, P. (2014). Revisiting the mosaic of supports required for including people with severe intellectual or developmental disabilities in their communities. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 30 (1), 19-27. //doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2013.875590
  • MOSS, S., EMERSON, E., KIERNAN, C., TURNER, S., HATTON, C. Y ALBORZ, A. (2000). Psychiatric symptoms in adults with learning disability and challenging behaviour. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177 (5), 452-456. //doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.5.452
  • MURPHY, N. A. Y CARBONE, P. S. (2011). Parent-provider-community partnerships: optimizing outcomes for children with disabilities. Pediatrics, 128 (4), 795-802. //doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1467
  • MURPHY, E., CLEGG, J. Y ALMACK, K. (2011). Constructing adulthood in discussions about the futures of young people with moderate-profound intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24 (1), 61-73. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2010.00565.x
  • NACIONES UNIDAS (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Recuperado de: http://www.un.org/disabilities /convention/ conventionfull.shtml.
  • NAKKEN, H. Y VLASKAMP, C. (2007). A need for a taxonomy for profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Journal of Policy and Practice in intellectual Disabilities, 4 (2), 83-87. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2007.00104.x
  • Navas, P., Gómez, L. E. Y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2017). En M. Wehmeyer (Ed.), The Praeger International Handbook of Special Education. Santa Bárbara, California: ABCCLIO (pp. 227-238).
  • Navas, P., Gómez, L. E., Verdugo, M. Á. Y SCHALOCK, R. L. (2012). Derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual: Implicaciones de la Convención de Naciones Unidas. Siglo Cero, 43, 7-28
  • NAVAS, P., UHLMANN, S. Y BERÁSTEGUI, A. (2014). Envejecimiento activo y discapacidad intelectual. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte.
  • Neely-Barnes, S., Marcenko, M. Y WEBER, L. (2008). Does choice influence quality of life for people with mild intellectual disabilities? Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 46 (1), 12-26. //doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2008)46[12:DCIQOL]2.0.CO;2
  • NETTEN, A., BEADLE-BROWN, J., TRUKESCHITZ, B., TOWERS, A., WELCH, E., FORDER, J., ... y ALDEN, E. (2010). Measuring the outcomes of care homes: Final report. Recuperado de www. pssru.ac.uk/pdf/dp2696_2.pdf.
  • NOLAN, M., DAVIES, N. Y GRANT, G. (2001). Working with older people and their families. Londres: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • NOVELL, R., RUEDA, P. Y SALVADOR-CARULLA, L. (2003). Salud mental y alteraciones de la conducta en las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Guía práctica para técnicos y cuidadores. Recuperado de http://repositoriocdpd.net:8080/handle/123456789/955.
  • O'BRIEN, P., THESING, A., TUCK, B. Y CAPIE, A. (2001). Perceptions of change, advantage and quality of life for people with intellectual disability who left a long stay institution to live in the community. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 26 (1), 67-82. //doi.org/10.1080/13668250020032778
  • ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD (2011). Informe mundial sobre la discapacidad. Ginebra: Autor. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/es/.
  • Petry, K. Y MAES, B. (2007). Description of the support needs of people with profound multiple disabilities using the 2002 AAMR system: An overview of literature. Education and Training in developmental Disabilities, 42 (2), 130-143.
  • PETRY, K., MAES, B. Y VLASKAMP, C. (2005). Domains of quality of life of people with profound multiple disabilities: The perspective of parents and direct support staff. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18 (1), 35-46. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2004.00209.x
  • PETRY, K., MAES, B. Y VLASKAMP, C. (2009). Measuring the quality of life of people with profound multiple disabilities using the QOL-PMD: First results. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30 (6), 1394-1405. //doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.06.007
  • PHARR, J. R. Y BUNGUM, T. (2012). Health disparities experienced by people with disabilities in the United States: A behavioral risk factor surveillance system study. Global Journal of Health Science, 4 (6), 99-108. //doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v4n6p99
  • PMLD NETWORK (2003). Valuing People with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities (pmld). Recuperado de http://www.pmldnetwork.org/resources/Valuing%20people%20 with%20profound%20and%20multiple%20learning%20disabilities.pdf.
  • POPPES, P., VAN DER PUTTEN, A. J. J. Y VLASKAMP, C. (2010). Frequency and severity of challenging behaviour in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31 (6), 1269-1275. //doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.017
  • REISS, S. (1993). Mental illness in persons with mental retardation. Recuperado de: www. plboard.com/4agency/training/032306/032306.pdf.
  • Reiss, S., Levitan, G. W. Y SZYSZKO, J. (1982). Emotional disturbance and mental retardation: diagnostic overshadowing. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86 (6), 567-574.
  • Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Elliott, J. Y HATTON, C. (2007). El impacto de la planificación centrada en la persona en las personas con discapacidad intelectual en Inglaterra: un resumen de hallazgos. Siglo Cero, 38, 223, 5-24.
  • ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS (2001). DC-LD: Diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for use with adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation, vol. 48. Londres, Reino Unido: Royal College of Psychiatrists.
  • Rush, A. J. Y FRANCES, A. (2000). Expert consensus guideline series: Treatment of psychiatric and behavioural problems in mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105, 159-228.
  • Salvador-Carulla, L. Y NOVELL, R. (2003). Problemas de conducta en el retraso mental. Siglo Cero, 34 (2), 78-86.
  • SAMUEL, J. Y PRITCHARD, M. (2001). The ignored minority: meeting the needs of people with profound learning disability. Tizard Learning Disability Review, 6 (2), 34-44. //doi.org/10.1108/13595474200100017
  • SCHALOCK, R. L., BORTHWICK-DUFFY, S. A., BRADLEY, V. J., BUNTINX, W. H., COULTER, D. L., CRAIG, E. M., ... Y SHOGREN, K. A. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
  • Schalock, R. L., Lemanowicz, J. A., Conroy, J. W. Y FEINSTEIN, C. S. (1994). A multivariate investigative study of the correlates of quality of life. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 3 (2), 59-73.
  • SCHALOCK, R. L. Y VERDUGO, M. Á. (2002). Handbook on quality of life for human service practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
  • SCHEEPERS, M., KERR, M., O'HARA, D., BAINBRIDGE, D., COOPER, S. A., DAVIS, R., ... y WEHMEYER, M. (2005). Reducing health disparity in people with intellectual disabilities: A report from health issues special interest research group of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2 (3-4), 249-255. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2005.00037.x
  • Seoane, J. A. (2011). La convención de la ONU sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad: perspectiva jurídica. Siglo Cero, 42 (237), 21-32.
  • SNELL, M. E., BRADY, N., MCLEAN, L., OGLETTREE, B. T., SIEGE, E., SYLVESTER, L., … Y SEVCIK, R. (2010). Twenty years of communication intervention research with individuals who have severe intellectual and developmental disabilities. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 115 (5), 364-380. //doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-115-5.364
  • STANCLIFFE, R. J., HARMAN, A. D., TOOGOOD, S. Y MCVILLY, K. R. (2005). Australian implementation and evaluation of active support. Recuperado de https://www.adhc.nsw.gov. au/__data/assets/file/0008/228176/2_AustralianImplementationandEvaluationofActiveSuppo.pdf.
  • STANCLIFFE, R. J., JONES, E., MANSELL, J. Y LOWE, K. (2008). Active support: A critical review and commentary. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 33 (3), 196-214. STANCLIFFE, R. J. Y KEANE, S. (2000). Outcomes and costs of community living: A matched comparison of group homes and semi-independent living. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 25 (4), 281-305. //doi.org/10.1080/13668250020019584
  • STANCLIFFE, R. J., LARSON, S., AUERBACH, K., ENGLER, J., TAUB, S. Y LAKIN, E. C. (2010). Individuals with intellectual disabilities and augmentative and alternative communication: Analysis of survey data on uptake of aided AAC, and loneliness experiences. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 26, 87-96. //doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2010.481564
  • Stodden, R. A. y Whelley, T. (2004). Postsecondary education and persons with intellectual disabilities: An introduction. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 39 (1), 6-15. SUTHERLAND, G., COUCH, M. A. e IACONO, T. (2002). Health issues for adults with developmental disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 23 (6), 422-445.
  • Tassé, M. J. (2012). Intellectual disability. En D. J. LYNN, H. B. NEWTON Y A. D. RAE-GRANT (Eds.), The 5-Minute Neurology Consult (2.ª ed.) (pp. 248-249). Filadelfia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
  • TASSÉ, M. J., BERTELLI, M., KATES, W., SIMON, E. Y NAVAS, P. (2017). Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Disability Disorder). En R. FLETCHER, S. A. COOPER Y J. BARNHILL (Eds.), Diagnostic Manual Intellectual Disability (2nd edition) (pp. 75-90). Nueva York: NADD Press.
  • TAYLOR, H., KRANE, D. Y ORKIS, K. (2010). The ADA, 20 years later. Nueva York: Harris Interactive.
  • THORPE, L., DAVIDSON, P. Y JANICKI, M. P. (2000). Healthy Ageing Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Biobehavioural Issues. Ginebra, Suiza: Organización Mundial de la Salud.
  • VAN DER PUTTEN, A. Y VLASKAMP, C. (2011). Day services for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: An analysis of thematically organized activities. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 8 (1), 10-17. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2011.00282.x
  • Verdugo, M. Á. (2011). Implicaciones de la Convención de la ONU (2006) en la educación de los alumnos con discapacidad. CEE Participación Educativa, 18, 25-34.
  • VERDUGO, M. Á. (2016). Comunicado sobre la situación de la inclusión educativa en Espa-a. Recuperado de http://sid.usal.es/noticias/discapacidad/56067/1-1/comunicado-sobre-lasi- tuacion-de-la-inclusion-educativa-en-espana.aspx.
  • VERDUGO, M. Á., GÓMEZ, L. E., arias, B., Navas, P. y schalocK, R. L. (2014). Measuring quality of life in people with intellectual and multiple disabilities: Validation of the San Martín scale. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35 (1), 75-86. //doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.025
  • Verdugo, M. Á., Gómez, L. E., arias, B., saNtaMaría, M., Navallas, E., ferNáNdez, S. y hierro, I. (2013). Evaluación de la calidad de vida en personas con discapacidades significativas: la escala San Martín. Siglo Cero, 44 (248), 6-20.
  • VERDUGO, M. Á. Y NAVAS, P. (2016). Derechos y calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y mayores necesidades de apoyo: informe ejecutivo. Plena Inclusión Espa-a e INICO. Recuperado de http://www.plenainclusion.org/informate/publicaciones/todos- somos-todos-derechosy-calidadde-vidade-laspersonas-con.
  • Verdugo, M. Á. Y RODRÍGUEZ-AGUILELLA, A. (2008). Valoración de la inclusión educativa desde diferentes perspectivas. Siglo Cero, 39 (228), 5-25.
  • Verdugo, M. Á. Y RODRÍGUEZ-AGUILELLA, A. (2012). La inclusión educativa en Espa-a desde la perspectiva de alumnos con discapacidad intelectual, de familias y de profesionales. Revista de Educación, 358, 450-470.
  • VLASKAMP, C., HIEMSTRA, S. J., WIERSMA, L. A. Y ZIJLSTRA, B. J. H. (2007). Extent, duration, and content of day services' activities for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 4, 152-159. //doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2007.00112.x
  • VLASKAMP, C. Y VAN DER PUTTEN, A. (2009). Focus on interaction: The use of an individualized support program for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30 (5), 873-883. //doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2008.12.005
  • VOS, P., DE COCK, P., PETRY, K., VAN DEN NOORTGATE, W. Y MAES, B. (2010). What makes them feel like they do? Investigating the subjective well-being in people with severe and profound disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31 (6), 1623-1632. //doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.021
  • WEHMEYER, M. L. Y BOLDING, N. (2001). Enhanced self-determination of adults with intellectual disability as an outcome of moving to community-based work or living environments. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45 (5), 371-383. //doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00342.x
  • YOUNG, L. Y ASHMAN, A. F. (2004). Deinstitutionalization for older adults with severe mental retardation: Results from Australia. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109 (5), 397-412. //doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<397:DFOAWS>2.0.CO;2