Sequential priming in the detection of the facial expressionnew approach in the study of emotional detection

  1. Fernando Gordillo León 1
  2. Miguel Ángel Pérez Nieto 1
  3. Lilia Mestas Hernández 2
  4. Rafael Manuel López Pérez
  5. Gabriela Castillo Parra
  6. José María Arana Martínez
  1. 1 Universidad Camilo José Cela
    info

    Universidad Camilo José Cela

    Villanueva de la Cañada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03f6h9044

  2. 2 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (México)
Aldizkaria:
Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

ISSN: 1576-8597

Argitalpen urtea: 2020

Alea: 41

Zenbakia: 2

Orrialdeak: 183-196

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.2478/PSICOLJ-2020-0009 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openSarbide irekia editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

Laburpena

The effective detection of those facial expressions that alert us to a possible threat is adaptive. Hence the reason that studies on face sampling have involved analysing how this process occurs, with evidence to show that the eyes focus mainly on the upper side of the face; nevertheless, no clear determination has been made of the relationship between the efficacy in detection (speed and accuracy) and the way in which emotions are visually tracked on the face. A sequential priming task was therefore held in which the four quadrants of the face were displayed consecutively, for 50 ms each one, and in a different order (24 sequences). The results reveal a quicker response when the priming sequence begins in the upper part, continues downward to the right-hand side of the face, and then follows an anti-clockwise direction. The results are discussed in the light of studies using the Eye-Tracking technique.

Finantzaketari buruzko informazioa

*Corresponding author: Fernando Gordillo León. Universidad Camilo José Cela, SPAIN. E-mail: fgordillo@ucjc.edu. Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding: This work was financially supported by a research grant awarded by the Camilo José Cela University (VI Convocatoria de Ayudas a la Investigación UCJC).

Finantzatzaile

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Aguado, L., Martínez-García, N., Solís-Olce, A., Dieguez-Risco, T., & Hinojosa, J. A. (2018). Effects of affective and emotional congruency on facial expression processing under different task demands. Acta Psychologica, 187, 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.04.013
  • Bodenschatz, C. M., Kersting, A., & Suslow, T. (2018). Effects of briefly presented masked emotional facial expressions on gaze behavior: An Eye-Tracking study. Psychological Reports, 122(4), 1432-1448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118789041
  • Brunyé, T. T., Drew, T., Weaver, D. L., & Elmore, J. G. (2019). A review of eye tracking for understanding and improving diagnostic interpretation. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 4(7). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-019-0159-2
  • Carlson, J. M., & Reinke, K. S. (2014). Attending to the fear in your eyes: Facilitated orienting and delayed disengagement. Cognition and Emotion, 28(8), 1398–1406. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.885410
  • Carroll. N. C., & Young, A. W. (2005). Priming of emotion recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 58(7), 1173-1197. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000539
  • Damjanovic, L., Pinkham, A. M., Clarke, P., & Phillips, J. (2013). Enhanced threat detection in experienced riot police officers: Cognitive evidence from the face-in-the-crowd effect. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 67(5), 1004-1018. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.839724
  • Donaldson, W. (1992). Measuring recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121(3), 275-277. https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.121.3.275
  • Ekman, P. (Editor). Emotion in the Human Face, second edition. Cambridge MA: Malor Books, 2013. First edition, Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., & Ellsworth, P. Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration of Findings. New York: Pergamon Press, 1972. 2.
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). The facial action coding system (FACS). Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Everdell, I. T, Marsh, H., Yurick, M. D., Munhall, K. G., & Paré, M. (2007). Gaze behaviour in audiovisual speech perception: Asymmetrical distribution of face-directed fixations. Perception, 36(10), 1535–1545. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5852
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A-G., Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Fisher, A. H., Kret, M. E., & Broekens, J. (2018). Gender differences in emotion perception and self-reported emotional intelligence: A test of the emotion sensitivity hypothesis. PLoS One, 13(1), e0190712 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190712
  • Gómez-Ibañez, A., Urrestarazu, E., & Viteri, C. (2014). Recognition of facial emotions and identity in patients with mesial temporal lobe and idiopathic generalized epilepsy: An eye-tracking study. Seizure, 23(10), 892–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2014.08.012
  • Hadjikhani, N., Johnels, J. A., Zürcher, N. R., Lassalle, A., Guillon, Q., Hippolyte, L., Billstedt, E., Ward, N., Lemonnier, E., & Gillberg, C. (2017). Look me in the eyes: constraining gaze in the eye-region provokes abnormally high subcortical activation in autism. Scientific Reports, 7, 3163. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03378-5
  • Hutchings, R., Palermo, R., Bruggemann, J., Hodges, J. R., Piguet, O., Kumfor F., 2018. Looking but not seeing: Increased eye fixations in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia. Cortex, 103,71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.02.011
  • Kliemann, D., Dziobek, I., Hatri, A., Baudewig, J., & Heekeren, H. R. (2012). The role of the amygdala in atypical gaze on emotional faces in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(28), 9469–9476. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5294-11.2012
  • Lohse, M., & Overgaard, M. (2019). Emotional priming depends on the degree of conscious experience. Neuropsychologia, 128, 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.028.
  • Marcó-García, S., Ferrer-Quintero, M., Usall, J., Ochoa, S., del Cacho, N., & Huerta-Ramos, E. (2019). Reconocimiento facial de emociones en trastornos neurológicos: una revisión narrativa. Revista de Neurología, 69(5), 207-2019. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.6905.2019047
  • Martin‐Key, N. A., Graf, E. W., Adams, W. J., Fairchild, G. (2017). Facial emotion recognition and eye movement behaviour in conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(3), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12795
  • Mazzola, F., Seigal, A., MacAskill, A., Corden, B., Lawrence, K., & Skuse, D. H. (2006). Eye tracking and fear recognition deficits in Turner syndrome. Society of Neuroscience, 1(3-4), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910600989912
  • Pavisic, I. M., Firth, N. C., Parsons, S., Martinez, D., Shakespeare, T. J., Yong, K. X. X., …Slattery, C. F., Paterson, R. W., Foulkes, A. J. M., Macpherson, K., Carton, A. M., Alexander, D. C., Shawe-Taylor, J., Fox, N. C., Schott, J. M., Crutch, S. J., & Primativo, S., (2017). Eyetracking Metrics in Young Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: A Window into Cognitive Visual Functions. Frontiers in Neurology, 8, 377. https://doi.org/:10.3389/fneur.2017.00377
  • Pritsch ,C., Telkemeyer, S., Mühlenbeck, C., & Liebal, K. (2017). Perception of facial expressions reveals selective affect-biased attention in humans and orangutans. Scientific Reports, 7, 7782. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07563-4
  • Rogers, S. L., Speelman, C. P., Guidetti, O., & Longmuir, M. (2018). Using dual eye tracking to uncover personal gaze patterns during social interaction. Scientific Reports, 8, 4271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22726-7
  • Roos, T. C., Niehaus, D. J. H., Leppänen, J. M., Ras, J., Cloete, K. J., Jordaan, E., & Koen, L. (2014). Facial affect recognition and exit examination performance in medical students: a prospective exploratory study. BMC Medical Education, 14, 245. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-014-0245-6.
  • Sawada, R., & Sato, W. (2015). Emotional attention capture by facial expressions. Scientific Reports, 5, 14042. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14042.
  • Schurgin, M. W., Nelson, J., Iida, S., Ohira, H., Chiao, J. Y., & Franconeri, S. L. (2014). Eye movements during emotion recognition in faces. Journal of Vision, 14(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1167/14.13.14
  • Smith, F. W., & Rossit, S. (2018). Identifying and detecting facial expressions of emotion in peripheral vision. PLoS ONE, 13(5), e0197160. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197160
  • Sweeny, T., Grabowecky, M., & Paller, K. (2018). Detecting and categorizing fleeting emotions in faces. Emotion, 13(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029193
  • Tanaka, J. W., & Sung, A. (2017). The “eye avoidance” hypothesis of autism face processing. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(5), 1538–1552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1976-7
  • Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., Marcus, D. J., Westerlund, A., Casey, B. J., & Nelson, C. (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry Research, 168(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006
  • Tsang, V. (2018). Eye-tracking study on facial emotion recognition tasks in individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 22, 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316667830
  • Vargas-Cuentas, N. I., Roman-Gonzalez, A., Gilman, R. H., Barrientos, F., Ting, J., Hidalgo, D., Jensen K., & Zimic, M. (2017). Developing an eye-tracking algorithm as a potential tool for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in children. PLoS One, 12(11), e0188826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188826
  • Wagenbreth, C., Rieger, J., Heinze, H-J., Zaehle, T. (2014). Seeing emotions in the eyes–inverse priming effects induced by eyes expressing mental states. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1039. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01039