Síndrome de isquemia crónica de las extremidades inferiores
- San Norberto García, Enrique
- Brizuela, J. A.
- Merino Díaz, Borja
- Vaquero Puerta, Carlos
ISSN: 0304-5412
Año de publicación: 2013
Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades cardiovasculares (XI): enfermedades vasculares
Serie: 11
Número: 45
Páginas: 2684-2690
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado
Resumen
La isquemia crónica de extremidades está creciendo en prevalencia y su incidencia aumenta con la edad, afectando al 20 % de la población mayor de 60 años. La incidencia es mayor en fumadores, diabéticos y cardiópatas. El síntoma inicial más común es la claudicación intermitente. La forma más grave o isquemia crítica puede presentarse con dolor de reposo, úlceras, pérdida de tejido y/o gangrena. Esta forma se asocia con un mayor porcentaje de pérdida de extremidad, morbilidad y mortalidad. Una historia detallada debería identificar la presencia y gravedad de la claudicación intermitente, así como cualquier isquemia crítica. El examen físico debe centrarse en la palpación de los pulsos y en la búsqueda de signos de isquemia como las úlceras. La primera prueba diagnóstica es la obtención del índice tobillo/brazo. Los cambios del estilo de vida son fundamentales. Está indicado el tratamiento con medicamentos, cirugía abierta o procedimientos endovasculares en pacientes seleccionados.
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