La colaboración público-privada como instrumento de intervención pública para el impulso de la innovaciónun análisis del sistema español de ciencia, tecnología e innovación

Zusammenfassung

The purpose of this thesis is the analysis of public-private partnerships (PPP) in their different dimensions, through the definition of an analytical framework that tries to cover the entire complexity of the phenomenon. Thus, from a qualitative approach, it is proposed as a tool to characterize PPPs in a specific sector of public policies. One of the general objectives is to identify and understand the conditions of its greater or lesser application and success in said sector. The model is also outlined as an instrument to analyse the different specific PPP formulas implemented. PPPs, as stated in this investigation, are understood, in a broad sense, as a formula for the response of public authorities to the growing and changing needs that an increasingly complex society must face. These needs are identified with great social challenges that require integrated solutions. These solutions must arise, from a governance approach, from the coordination of national governments with governments and public administrations of the sub and supra national level, on the one hand, but also from their collaboration with the academic community and all members from the private sector for another. In this context, institutions such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or the European Commission, give innovation policies a fundamental role, beyond promoting the overall development, growth and productivity of an economy. They are expected to be increasingly oriented to transform or model socio-technical systems in the direction that define social challenges. Given that interactive innovation models have evolved towards, increasingly, participation in the innovation processes of actors such as civil society itself, PPPs are emerging as the appropriate governance model for innovation policies. Aware of this, governments try to promote collaboration in their innovation systems, through different instruments, but with unequal success. The low level of collaboration is one of the problems affecting the Spanish innovation system for decades, despite the existence of different measures aimed at solving it. Therefore, to understand well the role that PPPs play in the system is the first question that this thesis wants to answer. In this sense, in Spain, PPPs are shown in their different dimensions and with different realities in several Spanish social policies. Understanding this scenario allows us to propose a contextual framework in which to place the analysis of PPPs in innovation in Spain through the defined analytical framework. From here, considering that scenario, the obstacles and facilitators that PPPs find in innovation in Spain are identified, thus answering the second research question of this thesis. Considering the factors identified, a comparative analysis is carried out between the implementation of a specific instrument in Spain and Finland, as a case of success, to answer the third research question. It is about understanding how PPP can be appropriate in innovation in Spain to favour with it the articulation of the system and its innovative performance. The results obtained show that in each of the dimensions of the PPPs, territorial, sectorial and organizational, there are factors that affect the low levels of collaboration of the Spanish innovation system. To a large extent, the challenges posed to the system itself to favour collaboration among its agents go through a clear redefinition of the role that some of them must play in the current scenario. In this sense, this research hopes to be useful, among others, for public decision makers when designing successful CPP instruments based on the key success factors.