Estudio experimental de la regeneración ósea mandibular de la rata con materiales de sustitución ósea y membranas osteorregenerativas

Resum

INTRODUCTION. Bony defects may be found as a result of congenital anomalies, trauma, neoplasms, or infectious conditions. Such conditions are often associated with severe funtional and esthetic problems. Corrective treatment is often complicated by limitations in tissue adaptations. The aim of this study was to compare the new bone formation following application of a bioabsorbable membrane and two types of bone substitutes. MATERIAL AND METHOD. In the present study, 24 4-month-old male Wistar rats were used. Standardized round through-and-through osseous defect (4 mm in diameter) was created similarly on both sides of the jaw and, were divided in four groups: group I, control defects were left empty; group II, the defects were covered with demineralized laminar bone membrane (Lambone®); group III, defects were filled with bovine bone collagen- protein extracts (Colloss®) and covered with Lambone®; group IV, defects were filled with bioactive glass (NovaBone®) and covered with Lambone®. Animals were killed 3 and 6 weeks after surgery, and healing of the bone defects was assessed by radiologic and histologic analysis. RESULTS. The control defects showed no bone formation, and the holes were filled with fibrous connective tissue. Bone membrane alone acted as an efficient barrier, excluding the nonosteogenic tissues, but new bone formation underneath the membrane was not full. The group of Colloss® and membrane showed complete healing after 6 weeks. The group of NovaBone® and membrane showed no bone formation, appearing the particles in the defect. CONCLUSION. A significantly higher percentage of bone regeneration was seen in the sites filled with Colloss® and covered with Lambone®, compared with the others experimental groups.