Análisis biomecánico del apoyo plantar en la marcha atléticarelación entre la huella plantar, ángulos de la articulación subastragalina y presiones plantares

  1. López Elvira, José Luis
  2. Vera Garcia, Francisco Jose
  3. Meana, M.
  4. García Herrero, Juan Antonio
Revista:
European Journal of Human Movement

ISSN: 0214-0071,  2386-4095

Año de publicación: 2008

Número: 20

Páginas: 41-60

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: European Journal of Human Movement

Resumen

Los objetivos fueron describir el comportamiento de la articulación subastragalina y el pie en la marcha atlética y buscar correlaciones entre estos y la huella plantar. Participaron 12 marchadores. Se calculó el índice del arco sobre sus huellas plantares. Se registraron presiones plantares y se aplicó fotogrametría 3D durante un apoyo mientras marchaban a velocidad individual de competición. Se calcularon las presiones máximas en cada región del pie y los valores máximos y mínimos de los tres ángulos que describen la articulación subastragalina. La máxima pronación ha mostrado ser mayor que la descrita en la marcha común y similar a la de la carrera (-13.6±3.90). Al inicio del apoyo, la articulación subastragalina se encuentra entre la marcha y la carrera, sugiriendo un ajuste en su mecanismo amortiguador según el tipo de locomoción. La zona que registra mayores presiones es el retropié externo (21.02 kPa/kg) yseguida lu ego del antepié interno (13.12 kPa/kg), a diferencia de la carrera, que presenta presiones máximas similares. Los sujetos con pies más planos tienden a apoyar con la cara interna del pie (r=-0.713) y con la pierna inclinada medialmente (r=0.874). Asimismo, los marchadores con pies más cavos registran mayores presiones en la parte externa del retropié y, mientras que los más planos lo hacen en la parte interna del mediopié.

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