Influencia del tipo de cemento de resina y del color en su microdureza a lo largo del conducto radicular

Laburpena

INTRODUCCIÓN: El pronóstico de los dientes tratados endodónticamente no depende solamente de la endodoncia, sino también del tipo de restauración indicada. La elección de la restauración más adecuada continua siendo controvertida. No obstante la utilización de postes de fibra de vidrio representa hoy la técnica de elección para la restauración de dientes endodonciados con escasa estructura coronal. Para promover una apariencia adecuada y natural, los composites y también los cementos de resina se encuentran disponibles en varios colores. Por otro lado se sabe que el proceso de polimerización depende de la dispersión de la luz dentro del material, y que los colores oscuros no curan tan profundo como los claros debido a la menor capacidad de la luz de penetrar dentro de la masa de composite. Por lo tanto los objetivos de este estudio fueron: comparar la microdureza de distintos cementos de resina de polimerización dual, considerando el color utilizado en cada uno de ellos y determinar la microdureza de los cemetnos a lo largo del interior del conducto radicular. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se prepararon 21 conductos radiculares de incisivos bovinos para la posterior cementación de postes de fibra de vidrio. Los 21 postes de fibra de vidrio (X¿Post, Dentsply DeTrey) se cementaron con los siguientes cementos: cemento utilizado para la reconstrucción de muñones Core¿XTM flow, un cemento de resina autoadhesivo RelyXTM Unicem (Translúcido, A2 y A3) y un cemento que requiere la aplicación de un sistema adhesivo previo Calibra® (Translúcido, Medio y Opaco. Todos los procedimientos de cementación siguieron las instrucciones de los fabricantes. Todos los cementos se fotopolimerizaron con la misma unidad LED Bluephase® (HIGH 1200 mW/cm2/40s). Después de 24 horas las raíces fueron seccionadas transversalmente, el espesor de cada corte fue de 1 mm y se obtuvieron 9 especímenes por raíz: 3 del tercio coronal, 3 del tercio medio y 3 del tercio apical. A continuación se registraron los valores de microdureza Vickers utilizando una carga de 100 gf durante 30 s. Se realizó un análisis de ANOVA de dos vías para evaluar la influencia de las dos variables independientes (cemento de resina considerando cada color, y tercio radicular) en la variable dependiente microdureza. Las comparaciones posteriores se realizaron con el test de Student-Newman-Keuls. El nivel de significación aceptado en todos los casos fue de 0.05. RESULTADOS: existió una deferencia significativa entre los cementos en sus colores respectivos (p<0.001), entre los tercios (p<0.001) y la interacción entre cementos y tercios (p<0.001). En los tres tercios, el cemento de resina RelyXTM Unicem obtuvo el valor mayor de microdureza, mientras que el Calibra® presentó los valores menores. El cemento Core¿XTM flow obtuvo valores intermedios a los anteriores. Cambios en los valores de microdureza entre los diferentes colores de un mismo cemento, fueron solo significativos en el tercio coronal y tercio medio para el cemento RelyXTM Unicem. Los valores de microdureza de todos los cementos evaluados disminuyeron a lo largo del canal radicular. Todos los cementos mostraron una mayor microdureza en el tercio coronal, que en los tercios medio y apical. CONCLUSIONES: Se puede afirmar que la microdureza de los cementos de resina evaluados depende de la marca y que el color del cemento parece ser un factor menos relevante. La microdureza disminuyó a lo largo del canal radicular, independientemente del color seleccionado. BIBLIOGRAFÍA: ¿ Abo-Hamar SE, Hiller KA, Jung H, Federlin M, Friedl KH, Schmalz G (2005). 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