Mental health and social protection of children during times of crisisThe case of the COVID-19 pandemic

  1. Nicolau Carvalho, Rafael 1
  2. Picornell-Lucas, Antonia 2
  1. 1 Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Social Work, Center of Human Sciences and Arts (CHSA), Brazil
  2. 2 University of Salamanca, Department of Labor Law and Social Work, Salamanca, Spain
Revista:
Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social: RPICS

ISSN: 2183-4938

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: In progress (November); 1–18

Volumen: 8

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.31211/RPICS.2022.8.2.264 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social: RPICS

Resumen

Background: Children and adolescents have been silent victims during global crisis periods. In recent decades, a worldwide discussion has been developed to include health, education, social protection, housing, food, healthy coexistence, and participation, among others, as rights on a global agenda and consolidate children's and adolescents' rights. The world is still experiencing the COVID-19 outbreak, which has been considered one of the greatest crises of humanity, with repercussions throughout the complex of social life. Children and adolescents seem to be most affected by the synergistic effects of this pandemic, with evidence of increased mental health problems, abuse, violence, and other forms of violation of their rights. Objective: This article discusses care strategies based on articulated and coordinated actions between social protection systems that include mental health services. Method: A narrative review of the literature on the Scopus platform was carried out during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. At that time, many organizations pointed out the impact of the pandemic on children's mental health and the challenges for social protection systems. Therefore, we sought to capture this moment through a narrative literature review to identify the experiences of other health crises and what could be done at that moment. From this review, we drew analytical categories to develop a recommendation guide that can be used to improve social protection systems for children and adolescents. Results: The analyses suggested that the protection systems must develop different social policies and care plans for children and adolescents during the humanitarian crisis that must include mental health actions and guarantee their rights. Conclusion: Based on our reflections, we developed a guide of recommendations that governments could adopt to improve their response to children during the post-pandemic future or in other times of crisis.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Almeida, I. L. L., Rego, J. F., Teixeira, A. C. G., & Moreira, M. R. (2022). Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: A systematic review. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 40, Article e2020385. https://doi.org/gn993j
  • Avila, M. A. G., Hamamoto Filho, P. T., Jocob, F. L. S., Alcantara, L. R. S., Berghammer, M., Nolbris, M. J., Olaya-Contreras, P., & Nilsson, S. (2020). Children’s anxiety and factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study using the children’s anxiety questionnaire and the numerical rating scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 1–13. https://doi.org/ghq4fz
  • Bahn, G. H. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019, school closures, and children’s mental health. Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(2), 74–79. https://doi.org/ghc6t6
  • Bai, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, B., Fu, M., Huang, N., Hu, Q., & Guo, J. (2022). Associations of youth mental health, parental psychological distress, and family relationships during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/gqrrgh
  • Baxter, A., Oruc, B. E., Asplund, J., Keskinocak, P., & Serban, N. (2022). Evaluating scenarios for school reopening under COVID19. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/jm4p
  • Bellizzi, S., Sanna, C., Amadori, A., Pichierri, J., & Pichierri, G. (2020). COVID-19 and children. From Luis Sepulveda to Madam Mim. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(7), 1156–1157. https://doi.org/gg37cm
  • Choi, K. R., Records, K., Low, L. K., Alhusen, J. L., Kenner, C., Bloch, J. R., Premji, S. S., Hannan, J., Anderson, C. M., Yeo, S., & Cynthia Logsdon, M. (2020). Promotion of maternal–infant mental health and trauma-informed care during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 49(5), 409–415. https://doi.org/gg72p9
  • Colizzi, M., Sironi, E., Antonini, F., Ciceri, M. L., Bovo, C., & Zoccante, L. (2020). Psychosocial and behavioral impact of COVID-19 in autism spectrum disorder: An online parent survey. Brain Sciences, 10(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/ghc58h
  • Coordinadora de Organizaciones para el Desarrollo. (2020). Crisis sanitaria: qué están haciendo nuestras organizaciones. https://bit.ly/3Vbf1iw
  • Cuartas, J. (2020). Heightened risk of child maltreatment amid the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate mental health problems for the next generation. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S195–S196. https://doi.org/jm4q
  • De-la-Torre-Ugarte-Guanilo, M. C., Takahashi, R. F., & Bertolozzi, M. R. (2011). Systematic review: general notions. Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da USP, 45(5), 1260–1266. https://doi.org/fm6zs3
  • Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Miao, J., Yang, X., & Zhu, G. (2020). An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of COVID-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275(1), 112–118. https://doi.org/gg4snp
  • Esposito, S., Giordano, R., Paini, G., Puntoni, M., Principi, N., & Caminiti, C. (2022). Can we get out of the COVID pandemic without adequate vaccination coverage in the pediatric population? Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 48(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/jm4r
  • Gurwitch, R. H., Salem, H., Nelson, M. M., & Comer, J. S. (2020). Leveraging parent-child interaction therapy and telehealth capacities to address the unique needs of young children during the COVID-19 public health crisis. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12 (S1), S82–S84. https://doi.org/gnc9bb
  • Imran, N., Aamer, I., Sharif, M. I., Bodla, Z. H., & Naveed, S. (2020). Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(5), 1106–1116. https://doi.org/gng254
  • International Federation of Social Workers. (2020). Practising during pandemic Conditions: ethical guidance for Social Workers. The International Federation of Social Workers.
  • James, S., Ben Brik, A., Jorgensen-Wells, M., Esteinou, R., Acero, I. D. M., Mesurado, B., Debeljuh, P., & Orellana, O. N. (2022). Relationship quality and support for family policy during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Family Relations, 71(4), 1367–1384. https://doi.org/jm4v
  • Jones, B., Woolfenden, S., Pengilly, S., Breen, C., Cohn, R., Biviano, L., Johns, A., Worth, A., Lamb, R., Lingam, R., Silove, N., Marks, S., Tzioumi, D., & Zwi, K. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: The impact on vulnerable children and young people in Australia. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(12), 1851–1855. https://doi.org/jm4w
  • Katz, C., Varela, N., Korbin, J. E., Najjar, A. A., Cohen, N., Bérubé, A., Bishop, E., Collin-Vézina, D., Desmond, A., Fallon, B., Fouche, A., Haffejee, A., Kaawa-Mafigiri, D., Katz, I., Kefalidou, G., Maguire-Jack, K., Massarweh, N., Munir, A., Munoz, P., ... & Wekerle, C. (2022). Child protective services during COVID-19 and doubly marginalized children: International perspectives. Child Abuse and Neglect, 131, Article 105634. https://doi.org/jm4x
  • Li, Y., Duan, W., & Chen, Z. (2020). Latent profiles of the comorbidity of the symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents who are susceptible to COVID-19. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, Article 105235. https://doi.org/gg4fv3
  • Linhares, M. B. M., & Enumo, S. R. F. (2020). Reflexões baseadas na Psicologia sobre efeitos da pandemia COVID-19 no desenvolvimento infantil. Estudos de Psicologia, 37, Article e200089. https://doi.org/gg4fr8
  • Marques, E. S., Moraes, C. L., Hasselmann, M. H., Deslandes, S. F., & Reichenheim, M. E. (2020). Violence against women, children, and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Overview, contributing factors, and mitigating measures. Cadernos de Saúde Publica, 36(4), Article e00074420. https://doi.org/ggv2pf
  • Miranda, D. M., Athanasio, B. S., Oliveira, A. C. S., Simoes-e-Silva, A. C. (2020). How is COVID-19 pandemic impacting mental health of children and adolescents? International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, Article 101845. https://doi.org/ghhwbn
  • Muratori, P., & Ciacchini, R. (2020). Children and the COVID-19 transition: Psychological reflections and suggestions on adapting to the emergency. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 131–134. https://doi.org/gpwtbv
  • Newell, W. H. (2001). A theory of interdisciplinary studies. Issues in Integrative Studies, (19), 1–25. https://bit.ly/3GzpDn5
  • Petretto, D. R., Masala, I., & Masala, C. (2020). School closure and children in the outbreak of COVID-19. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 16(1), 189–191. https://doi.org/jm4z
  • Phelps, C., & Sperry, L. L. (2020). Children and the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S73–S75. https://doi.org/gg2mrj
  • Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 75(5), 631–643. https://doi.org/ggzg88
  • Ritz, D., O’Hare, G., & Burgess, M. (2020). The hidden impact of COVID-19 on child protection and wellbeing: On child protection and wellbeing. A global research series. Save the Children International. https://bit.ly/3Az9MkQ
  • Russell, B. Hutchison, M., Tambling, R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton A. L. (2020). Initial challenges of caregiving during COVID-19: Caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent–child relationship. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 51(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/ghc6rm
  • Saurabh, K., & Ranjan, S. (2020). Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 Pandemic. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(7), 532–536. https://doi.org/ghc6wm
  • Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents’ stress and children’s psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 1713. https://doi.org/gg6vn6
  • Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Setti, A., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parenting stress during the COVID‐19 outbreak: Socioeconomic and environmental risk factors and implications for children emotion regulation. Family Process, 60(2), 639–653. https://doi.org/gk6v8d
  • Teo, S., & Griffiths, G. (2020). Child protection in the time of COVID-19. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(6), 838–840. https://doi.org/jm42
  • The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action. (2020). Technical note: Protection of children during the coronavirus pandemic. The Alliance. https://alliancecpha.org/en/COVD19
  • Torres-Pagán, L., & Terepka, A. (2020). School-based health centers during academic disruption: Challenges and opportunity in urban mental health. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 276–278. https://doi.org/gj82jp
  • UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1989). Convention on the rights of the child [Core Instrument – Universal Instrument]. General Assembly resolution 44/25. https://bit.ly/2JJh9O1
  • UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2017). Mental health and human rights: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights [Report]. United Nations Digital Library. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/861008
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF Spain). (2020b). Salud mental e infancia en el escenario de la COVID-19: Propuestas de UNICEF España. UNICEF. https://bit.ly/3gn5g1Q
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF Spain). (2020a). Impacto de la crisis por COVID-19 sobre los niños y niñas más vulnerables. UNICEF: Informe Infancia y Covid-19. https://bit.ly/3UVSPt0
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. (2020). Research on violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic: Guidance to inform ethical data collection and evidence generation. UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https://bit.ly/3AzQ0FU
  • Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), 945–947. https://doi.org/ggpxx3
  • Weisbrot, D. M., & Ryst, E. (2020). Debate: Student mental health matters – the heightened need for school-based mental health in the era of COVID-19. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 25(4), 258–259. https://doi.org/gk659q
  • Westrupp, E. M., Karantzas, G., Macdonald, J. A., Olive, L., Youssef, G., Greenwood, C. J., Sciberras, E., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Evans, S., Mikocka-Walus, A., Ling, M., Cummins, R., Hutchinson, D., Melvin, G., Fernando, J. W., Teague, S., Wood, A. G., Toumbourou, J. W., Berkowitz, T., ... Olsson, C. A. (2020). Study protocol for the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Survey (CPAS): A longitudinal study of Australian parents of a child 0–18 years. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(August), 1–11. https://doi.org/gp4r2h
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://bit.ly/3GudGiK
  • Yeasmin, S., Banik, R., Hossain, S., Hossain, M. N., Mahumud, R., Salma, N., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Impact of COVID- 19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, Article 105277. https://doi.org/gg6n37
  • Zhang, J., Shuai, L., Yu, H., Wang, Z., Qiu, M., Lu, L., Cao, X., Xia, W., Wang, Y., & Chen, R. (2020). Acute stress, behavioural symptoms and mood states among school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder during the COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, Article 102077. https://doi.org/ggvck7
  • Zhang, X., Gui, Y., Xu, X., Zhu, D., Zhai, Y., Ge, X., & Xu, H. (2020). Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 278–279. https://doi.org/gk4pvg
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet