Riesgo tromboembólico en pacientes que han superado la infección por SARS-CoV-2

Résumé

BACKGROUND. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high incidence of thromboembolic complications. However, whether or not a prothrombotic state persists after recovery is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We undertook a case-control comparison of records from November 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. Case records for patients treated for thromboembolic episodes in hospital emergency departments were selected; control patients were treated for other conditions in the same period. We recorded whether or not case and control patients had a history of recovery from COVID-19. Bivariate logistic regression was used to explore risk. RESULTS. Records for 179 cases and 390 controls were selected. A majority of case patients had cerebrovascular stroke (30.2%) or acute coronary syndrome (21.2%). Only 17 cases (9.5%) and 390 controls (8.9%) had recently recovered from COVID-19. These data suggest an odds ratio of 1.064 (95% CI, 0.58-1.96) for COVID-19 exposure as a predictor of thromboembolic episodes, although the model was underpowered (R2 = 0.028). The effect size was small for all variables, although the effect size for severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher (0.2). CONCLUSIONS. Our findings show that patients who have recovered from COVID-19 do not have a significantly higher risk of thromboembolic events than patients who have not recently recovered from this infection. Patients with a recent history of COVID-19 do not need to receive preventive anticoagulant treatment for longer periods than other patients.