Populismo y democracia en América Latina. Los casos de Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador y Venezuela (1994-2020)

  1. Colalongo, Rodolfo 1
  2. Rivas Otero, José Manuel
  1. 1 Universidad Externado de Colombia
    info

    Universidad Externado de Colombia

    Bogotá, Colombia

    ROR https://ror.org/02xtwpk10

Revista:
Desafíos

ISSN: 0124-4035,  2145-5112

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: (July-December) Populism, Polarization and Democracy

Volumen: 34

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.12804/REVISTAS.UROSARIO.EDU.CO/DESAFIOS/A.11079 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Desafíos

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

El populismo mantiene una relación ambivalente con la democracia liberal. Los lí­deres populistas suelen reclamar el poder para el pueblo y se consideran a sí mismos verdaderos demócratas, mientras sus detractores los acusan de demagogos o autorita­rios. En la literatura académica coexisten estas dos formas de entender el populismo: como amenaza a la democracia liberal o como una oportunidad de cambio político que contribuye a ampliar los espacios democráticos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo evolucionaron los principales índices de calidad de la democracia se­gún V-Dem en los países latinoamericanos que han tenido gobiernos adscritos a la izquierda populista, con el fin de comprobar si el populismo es una amenaza, un correctivo o, simplemente, una cuestión teórica sin mayores implicaciones prácticas para la democracia.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abts, K., & Rummens, S. (2007). Populism versus democracy. Political Studies, 55(2), 405-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00657.x
  • Albertazzi, D., & McDonnell, D. (2007). Twenty-first century populism: The spectre of Western European democracy. Springer.
  • Altman, D., & Pérez-Liñán, A. (2002). Assessing the quality of democracy: Freedom, competitiveness and participation in eighteen Latin American countries. Democratization, 9(2), 85-100.
  • Anria, S. (2013). Social movements, party organization, and populism: insights from the Bolivian mas. Latin American Politics and Society, 55(3), 19-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00201.x
  • Anselmi, M. (2018). Populism: An introduction. Routledge.
  • Arditi, B. (2003). Populism, or, politics at the edges of democracy. Contemporary Politics, 9(1), 17-31.
  • Arditi, B. (2004). Populism as a spectre of democracy: A response to Canovan. Political Studies, 52(1), 135-143.
  • Aytaç, S. E., & Öniş, Z. (2014). Varieties of Populism in a Changing Global Context: The Divergent paths of Erdoğan and Kirchnerismo. Comparative Politics, 47(1), 41-59. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041514813623137
  • Barreda, M. (2011). La calidad de la democracia: Un análisis comparado de América Latina. Política y Gobierno, 18(2), 265-295.
  • Bohigues García, A. (2021). Élites, radicalismo y democracia: Un estudio comparado sobre América Latina. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
  • Canovan, M. (1999). Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy. Political Studies, 47(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467- 9248.00184
  • Canovan, M. (2004). Populism for political theorists? Journal of Political Ideologies, 9(3), 241-252.
  • Canovan, M. (2005). The people. Polity.
  • Cardoso, F. H., & Faletto, E. (1996). Dependencia y desarrollo en América Latina: Ensayo de interpretación sociológica. Siglo XXI.
  • Casullo, M. E. (2019). ¿Por qué funciona el populismo? El discurso que sabe construir explicaciones convincentes de un mundo en crisis. Siglo XXI .
  • Colalongo, R. (2020). El desarrollo teórico del populismo: Hacia una sistematización de lo escrito sobre el populismo como fenómeno político. Cultura Latinoamericana, 32(2), 40-67.
  • Conniff, M. L., Roberts, K., Basurto, J., Drake, P. W., & Ellner, S. (2012). Populism in Latin America. The University of Alabama Press.
  • Dahl, R. (1956). A short preface to democratic theory. Yale University Press.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2000). A democratic paradox? Political Science Quarterly, 115(1), 35-40.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2008). Polyarchy: Participation and opposition. Yale University Press.
  • De la Torre, C. (2010). Populist seduction in Latin America. Ohio University Press.
  • De la Torre, C. (2017). Populism in Latin America. En The Oxford handbook of populism (pp. 195-213). Oxford University Press.
  • De la Torre, C., & Arnson, C. (2013). Introduction: The evolution of Latin American populism and the debates over its meaning. En Latin American populism in the twenty-first century. Woodrow Wilson Center Press with Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • De la Torre, C., & Peruzzotti, E. (2008). El retorno del pueblo: Populismo y nuevas democracias en América Latina. Ministerio de Cultura del Ecuador.
  • Diamond, L., & Morlino, L. (2005). Assessing the quality of democracy. JHU Press.
  • Dornbusch, R., & Edwards, S. (2007). The macroeconomics of populism in Latin America. University of Chicago Press.
  • Freeden, M. (1998). Is nationalism a distinct ideology? Political studies, 46(4), 748-765.
  • Huber, R. A., & Ruth, S. P. (2017). Mind the gap! Populism, participation and representation in Europe. Swiss Political Science Review, 23(4), 462-484.
  • Huntington, S. P. (1993). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century (vol. 4). University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Laclau, E. (2005). La razón populista. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
  • Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and socialist theory: Toward a radical and plural democracy. Verso.
  • Levitsky, S., & Loxton, J. (2012). Populism and competitive authoritarianism. En Populism in Europe and the Americas Threat or Corrective for Democracy (pp. 160-181). Cambridge University Press.
  • Levitsky, S., & Murillo, M. (2008). Argentina: From Kirchner to Kirchner. Journal of Democracy , 19, 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2008.0030
  • Levitsky, S., & Roberts, K. M. (2011). The resurgence of the Latin American left. JHU Press.
  • Macpherson, C. B. (1982). La democracia liberal y su época. Alianza.
  • Mény, Y., & Surel, Y. (2001). Democracies and the populist challenge. Springer.
  • Montero, J. R., Gunther, R., & Torcal, M. (1997). Democracy in Spain: Legitimacy, discontent, and disaffection. Studies in Comparative International Development, 32(3), 124-160.
  • Morlino, L. (2004a). ‘Good’and ‘bad’democracies: How to conduct research into the quality of democracy. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 20(1), 5-27.
  • Morlino, L. (2004b). What is a ‘good’ democracy? Democratization, 11(5), 10-32.
  • Morlino, L. (2009a). Democracias y democratizaciones. CIS.
  • Morlino, L. (2009b). Legitimacy and the quality of democracy. International Social Science Journal, 60(196), 211-222.
  • Mudde, C., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. R. (2012). Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat or corrective for democracy? Cambridge University Press.
  • Mudde, C., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2017). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Munck, G. L. (2016). What is democracy? A reconceptualization of the quality of democracy. Democratization, 23(1), 1-26.
  • O’donnell, G. A. (1994). Delegative democracy. Journal of Democracy, 5(1), 55-69.
  • O’donnell, G. (2004). The quality of democracy: Why the rule of law matters. Journal of Democracy, 15(4), 32-46.
  • Panizza, F. (2005). Introduction. En Populism and the mirror of democracy. Verso.
  • Peruzzotti, E. (2017). Conceptualizing Kirchnerismo. Partecipazione e Conflitto, 10(1), 47-64.
  • Plattner, M. F. (2010). Democracy’s past and future: Populism, pluralism, and liberal democracy. Journal of Democracy, 21(1), 81-92.
  • Postel, C. (2007). The populist vision. Oxford University Press.
  • Postero, N. (2010). The struggle to create a radical democracy in Bolivia. Latin American Research Review, 45, 59-78.
  • Roberts, K. M. (2006). Populism, political conflict, and grass-roots organization in Latin America. Comparative Politics, 38(2), 127-148. https:// doi.org/10.2307/20433986
  • Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2012). The ambivalence of populism: Threat and corrective for democracy. Democratization, 19(2), 184-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.572619
  • Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2015). Explaining the emergence of populism in Europe and the Americas. The promise and perils of populism: Global perspectives (pp. 189-227). University Press of Kentucky.
  • Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2018). How to define populism? En Populism and the Crisis of Democracy: Volume 1: Concepts and Theory (p. 15). Routledge.
  • Ruth, S. P., Welp, Y., & Whitehead, L. (2017). Let the people rule? Direct democracy in the twenty-first century. ECPR Press.
  • Ruth-Lovell, S. P., Lührmann, A., & Grahn, S. (2019). Democracy and populism: Testing a contentious relationship. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3471132
  • Sancho, C. (2003). Un modelo diferente de democracia: La democracia deliberativa. Una aproximación a los modelos de J. Cohen y J. Habermas. Revista de Estudios Políticos, (122), 201-232.
  • Schmitter, P. C. (2004). The quality of democracy: The ambiguous virtues of accountability. Journal of Democracy, 15(4), 47-60.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2010). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. Routledge.
  • Stanley, B. (2008). The thin ideology of populism. Journal of Political Ideologies, 13(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569310701822289
  • Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Open University Press.
  • Taggart, P. (2002). Populism and the pathology of representative politics. En Democracies and the populist challenge (pp. 62-80). Springer.
  • Taggart, P. (2004). Populism and representative politics in contemporary Europe. Journal of Political Ideologies, 9(3), 269-288.
  • Taguieff, P.-A. (1995). Political science confronts populism: From a conceptual mirage to a real problem. Télos, 1995(103), 9-43.
  • Tännsjö, T. (1992). Populist democracy: A defence. Routledge.
  • Urbinati, N. (1998). Democracy and populism. Constellations, 5(1), 110-124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.00080
  • Urbinati, N. (2014). Democracy disfigured. Harvard University Press.
  • Weber, M., Marino, L., Mommsen, W. J., & Villa, G. (1982). Parlamento e governo nel nuovo ordinamento della Germania e altri scritti politici. G. Einaudi.
  • Weyland, K. (1999). Populism in the age of neoliberalism. Populism in Latin America, 172-190.
  • Weyland, K. (2001). Clarifying a contested concept: Populism in the study of Latin American politics. Comparative Politics, 34(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.2307/422412
  • Weyland, K., Madrid, R. L., & Hunter, W. (2010). Leftist governments in Latin America: Successes and shortcomings. Cambridge University Press.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet