Desradicalización y desvinculación: aspectos formales y teóricos

  1. Roberto M. Lobato
  2. Josep García-Coll
Revista:
RESI: Revista de estudios en seguridad internacional

ISSN: 2444-6157

Any de publicació: 2022

Volum: 8

Número: 1

Pàgines: 191-210

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.18847/1.15.12 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: RESI: Revista de estudios en seguridad internacional

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

La radicalización constituye una de las mayores problemáticas a nivel securitario y social. No obstante, el número de detenciones en los últimos años han llevado a replantearse reforzar los modelos de intervención en su relación con la desvinculación y la desradicalización. Como consecuencia, la atención está cambiando hacia los procesos de desvinculación/desradicalización. Tratando de aunar los conocimientos sobre la temática, en el presente manuscrito se realiza una revisión de la literatura que trata de identificar y valorar algunos de los factores y modelos de desvinculación, desradicalización y/o reinserción desarrollados en estas últimas décadas. En primera instancia se conceptualizan la desradicalización, entendida como un proceso social y psicológico por el que el compromiso de un individuo con la radicalización violenta y su participación en ella se reducen hasta el punto de que ya no corre el riesgo de implicarse y participar en actividades violentas, y la desvinculación, proceso mediante el cual un individuo experimenta un cambio de rol o función que suele ir asociado a una reducción de la participación en la violencia. Posteriormente, se analizan los principales factores de empuje y atracción que se han encontrado en la literatura, destacando, por un lado, la desilusión con la estrategia o las acciones del grupo radical y, por otro lado, las relaciones con personas fuera del grupo y las demandas familiares. A continuación, se hacen explícitos siete modelos teóricos propuestos desde distintas disciplinas que tratan de explicar los procesos de desvinculación, desradicalización y/o reinserción social. Entre estos modelos, encontramos la trayectoria de desvinculación, el modelo de inversión, el modelo 3N, el modelo pro-integración, los bucles de refuerzo, el modelo de las dinámicas de la desvinculación y el modelo fénix de desvinculación. Finalmente, se discuten algunas de las similitudes y diferencias de estos modelos y sus principales limitaciones.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet