Dismenorrea primaria. Efectividad de los enfoques terapéuticos desde un abordaje interdisciplinar

Résumé

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea corresponds to episodes of intense pain of a cyclical nature in the suprapubic region that coincide with menstruation, in the absence of pelvic somatic dysfunction or pathology. It can also be accompanied by a wide associated symptomatology. It is a very common dysfunction in young women that can be disabling and influence the quality of life of women who suffer from it. Currently, pharmacological treatment is the fundamental pillar of the therapeutic approach. Likewise, there are other therapeutic approaches that can be adjuvant or complementary. Method: A bibliographic review was carried out starting from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, using the keywords in english language “primary dysmenorrhea”, “physiotherapy” and “treatment” joined by the Boolean operator “AND”, without using chronological filters. Results: The following have been found as alternative therapies or adjuncts to conventional pharmacological treatment: other pharmacological approaches, surgical procedures, the psychological approach, acupuncture, physiotherapy (including specific therapeutic exercise, stretching, physical activity, manual therapy, joint and myofascial manipulation, kinesio tape, electrotherapy, and thermotherapy), yoga and other hygienic-dietetic recommendations. Conclusion: Although there is no high-level scientific evidence that demonstrates the comparison of all the techniques with each other, the publications found and the clinical experience support that thermotherapy, the application of TENS and yoga / physical activity are the most effective techniques in the relief of pain from primary dysmenorrhea.