Acercamientos teóricos y empíricos a los conectores contraargumentativos desde la macrosintaxispropuesta didáctica de ELE para germanoparlantes universitarios (B2)

Resumen

This research focuses on the study of six counter-argumentative connectors in Spanish (pero, aunque, sino, sin embargo, no obstante, en cambio) from a macrosyntactic-functional perspective, with the aim of applying the findings in the field of teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language (EFL). To this regard, a didactic proposal is designed for German-speaking students at intermediate level (B2) with the purpose of encouraging reflection and highlighting the importance of these linguistic elements, as well as improving their teaching-learning process in order to use them more effectively. So as to achieve these objectives, a theoretical review of the state of the art is carried out, focusing on connectors, especially those of a counter-argumentative nature (adversativity and concession), and their teaching in the language classroom. In addition, the six units are analysed from both a qualitative-formal and a qualitative perspective by means of a literature review and samples of a corpus based on other open-access online corpora. The results are extended and compared with data obtained through a linguistic survey of native speakers created with Google Forms. The analysis focus on the argumentative and informative levels. A section describing these units in German, with a focus on linguistic contrast, is included, as well as a section analysing manuals and textbooks in relation to the European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR, 2002) and the Curriculum Plan of the Instituto Cervantes (Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes, PCIC, 2007), especially regarding the connectors studied. In addition, as well as collecting samples of existing corpora of foreign learners, samples of EFL learners are also examined in order to verify how they use the elements under study. A detailed and justified didactic proposal is then constructed, accompanied by an initial (pretest) and final (posttest) test. Finally, the overall results and general conclusions of the research are presented, including both problems encountered and possible avenues for improvement and future development.