El fomento europeo de los alertantes e informantes en plena expansión de una justicia penal colaborativa

Zusammenfassung

With the approval of Directive 2019/1937, the European Union wanted to take a decisive step in favor of the protection of persons who collaborate with the Administration of Justice by reporting breaches of Union Law and, particularly, related to fraud and corruption, generating the obligation in the twenty-seven Member States to transpose it in a loyal and responsible manner. A complex and comprehensive strategy, directly related to compliance programs, for a better understanding of which it is essential to know the state of the national penal systems as a result of the recent reforms undertaken in many cases on the basis of citizen collaboration.